Bipolar affective disorder(Depression)
Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar affective disorder
What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder was formerly known as manic depression. As the name suggests, in this disease, the mood is sometimes overly happy and extremely fast, and sometimes it is extremely sad. This disease has different conditions at different times;
1. Depression
Feeling very sad and frustrated.
۔ Extremely fast (Mania)
Feeling overwhelmed with joy and excitement.
۔ Mixed mode (Mixed)
For example, working too hard with a depressed mood.
Patients with this disease usually have both depression and mania, but some patients only have recurrent mania.
How common is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder can affect about 1% of people at some point in their lives. The disease can start at any age after puberty, but rarely after the age of forty. The rate is the same for both men and women.
Causes of bipolar disorder.
We do not know for sure but:
● Research has shown that it is a familial disease. It has more to do with heritage and less with the environment.
* It seems that the system in the brain that keeps our mood right, bipolar disorder in this system is disturbed. That is why the symptoms of this disease are cured by medicines.
* The disease sometimes begins after difficult situations, stress or physical illness.
How does this disease feel?
Depression
Every human being feels sad at times, but when this sadness increases and enters the realm of depression, it becomes difficult for a person to perform daily activities. People who suffer from depression usually have the following symptoms:
* Being sad or unhappy all the time.
* Things that used to be fun, were heartbreaking, now not interested in them. Don't be happy about anything.
* Feeling tired all the time, feeling weak.
* Not being able to pay attention to things and things.
* Losing self-confidence, feeling useless and useless
ا Blaming yourself for everything bad in the past.
* Suicidal thoughts or attempts to commit suicide.
* Difficulty falling asleep or opening your eyes early.
Loss of appetite and weight (some people have excess appetite and weight gain)
Mania
Sometimes we all feel very happy and full of energy, energy and new ideas and plans. It is not usually a disease, but if the condition exceeds a certain limit and becomes permanent, it can lead to mania. If someone has mania, they usually have the following symptoms:
* Extremely happy and excited without any reason.
* Sometimes becoming more irritable.
* Begin to think of yourself as a great person.
* Feeling overwhelmed and energetic. ۔
آ Going too fast, moving too fast.
● Speak too fast, too loud, and too loud. If you are in a very fast mood, others will not understand what you are saying.
* Lack of sleep and no need to sleep or feel tired despite not getting enough sleep.
شروع Starting a lot of work but leaving them unfinished and moving on to other tasks.
* Creating very large projects that are unlikely to be completed.
* Start spending more money than usual.
If someone is having mania for the first time, they do not even realize that there is a problem with it or their behavior is not normal. While friends or family realize that the patient's behavior has changed and something is fine. do not have . The patient feels like he has never felt better in his life so he feels very bad when someone tells him that his mental state is not right. But when the patient comes out of this state, he is very ashamed of what he has done and what he has said.
Symptoms of Psychosis Psychotic Symptoms
If a mania or depression attack becomes very severe, the patient may start to have thoughts or experiences that have nothing to do with reality. The patient who is in mania thinks that he is a great being, such as a prophet, sent for a great purpose, or that he has extraordinary abilities that no ordinary human being has. For a patient suffering from depression, it seems that there is no one in the world who is worse and more guilty. In both cases, patients sometimes hear voices alone when no one is around or they see things that no one else can see.
Between visits:
Sent for a great purpose, or possessed of extraordinary abilities that no ordinary human being possesses. For a patient suffering from depression, it seems that there is no one in the world who is worse and more guilty. In both cases, patients sometimes hear voices alone when no one is around or they see things that no one else can see.
Between visits:
Previously, it was thought that people with bipolar disorder would return to normal after the onset of depression or mania. This is true of some patients, but we now know that many patients with bipolar disorder do not fully recover from depression or mania. They may have some of the symptoms of depression and have difficulty thinking or making decisions, even though they seem to be doing the right thing.
How is bipolar disorder treated?
Mood stabilizer medication. (Mood stabilizers) (Mood stabilizers)
There are many types, many of which are used to treat epilepsy. Lithium was the first drug to be used to control mood.
Lithium.
Lithium has been used to moderate mood for 50 years, but we still don't know for sure how it works. It can be used to treat both mania and depression. The important thing is that the level of lithium in the body must be exactly right. Too low will not work, too much can have serious side effects.
The amount of lithium in the blood is very much dependent on the amount of water in the human body. If the body is dehydrated, the amount of lithium in the blood will increase and its harmful effects may appear in the patient. That is why it is very important for the patient who is taking lithium to drink plenty of water, especially if the temperature is high or the person is exercising a lot. Drink small amounts of tea and coffee as they make you urinate more and get more water out of your body.
Lithium can take up to three months or more to function properly, so the patient should continue to take the medication even if the mood is a little too high or low during this time.
Side effects of lithium:
These side effects can start in the first few weeks after starting lithium. They can cause temporary discomfort and anxiety to the patient but usually get better or go away over time.
The most common traumatic effects may be:
* Feeling very thirsty.
* Excessive urination.
* Weight gain begins.
Side effects in fewer people (who get better by reducing the dose):
* Blurred vision.
* Muscle weakness.
● Sometimes shaking hands.
● Hand trembling.
* Feeling a little sick or unwell.
If the amount of lithium in the blood is high, you may also have:
ہونا Upside down.
* Stuttering or dizziness while walking.
Stuttering of the tongue in speaking.
If the patient shows any of these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately.
Blood test
Initially, the patient has to have a blood test every few weeks to see if the amount of lithium in his blood is right. The patient has to have this test for as long as he continues to take lithium. But after the first few months, these tests don't have to be done so quickly.
In some people, prolonged use of lithium can affect the kidneys or thyroid gland. Therefore, blood tests for kidney and thyroid should be done every few months as per the doctor's advice. If you have kidney problems, you may need to stop lithium and start another medication.
Take care of yourself:
* Eat a balanced diet.
* Drink plenty of water. By doing this you can make sure that you have the right balance of salts in your body.
* Eat at the right time. This will balance the amount of water in the body.
* Excessive consumption of tea, coffee or cola. This causes you to urinate a lot and it upsets the balance of lithium in the body.
۔ Other mode stabilizers
* Lithium is the most effective treatment, it reduces the chances of recurrence of the disease by 30% to 40%.
S Sodium valproate may be just as effective in preventing the next attack of bipolar disorder, but the research evidence for this drug is not as strong as that for lithium. This medicine should not be prescribed to pregnant women.
● Carbamazepine is not as effective for this disease as lithium and valproate and is not used as much now but if a patient is already taking this medicine and it is beneficial then he should continue the medicine.
● Recent research has shown that a new antipsychotic drug (such as oleinazapine) may also act as a mood stabilizer.
What is the best treatment for me?
You should make this decision in consultation with your psychiatrist.
● Lithium is given when treatment is prolonged.
● Carbamazepine is recommended if your mood changes too much and too fast.
* Sometimes it is necessary to give more than one medicine at a time.
● Treatment often depends on how well any medicine works for you. Some benefit from one drug, some from another, but it is better to use drugs that have more evidence of efficacy.
What happens if a patient does not take medication?
The more mania attacks a patient has, the more likely they are to have another mania attack.
The risk of further attacks of the disease does not decrease with age. Even if a patient has been well for a long time, there is still a risk of further attacks.
When should I start using Mood Stabilizer?
The mood stabilizer can help prevent future seizures. After the first visit, it is difficult to say whether there will be a second attack. But if the first attack of the disease is very severe, you should consider starting a mood stabilizer.
If a patient has a second attack of bipolar disorder, there is an 80% chance that he or she will have a third attack. In this case it is usually advisable to use a mood stabilizer.
How long do I need to use mood stabilizer?
ً Approximately 2 years after the first bipolar disorder.
If there have been several attacks of the disease, there have been psychotic symptoms, the patient has been drinking or using drugs, or has been under constant social pressure for five years.
Verbal therapy (psychotherapy).
Psychotherapy can also be helpful after a mania or depression attack has healed.
It is beneficial to include the following:
معلومات Information on bipolar disorder.
معلومات Information on the early signs of your mood swings or depression.
صلاحیت Ability to cope with normal life situations.
* Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression.
Pregnancy:
If a patient with bipolar disorder intends to have more children, he or she must talk to his or her psychiatrist about how the disease can be controlled, even a few months after pregnancy and childbirth.
If you become pregnant, it is best to consult a doctor if you can continue using lithium. Although lithium is safer during pregnancy and than mood stabilizers, it is important to think about both the potential harm to the baby and the risk of recurrence of the disease. The first three months of pregnancy are the most sensitive. It is safe to use lithium after the 26th week of pregnancy if you do not intend to breastfeed your baby.
If it is necessary for a patient to use lithium, it is best not to breastfeed the baby.
Treatment of seizures of mania and depression.
Depression seizures.
This condition requires the use of mood stabilizers as well as antidepressants. The most commonly used antidepressants belong to the SSRI group. They have a relatively low risk of developing depression into mania, which is higher than older tricyclic antidepressants.
If you have had a recent mania attack or your mood swings too quickly toward recurrent mania or depression, taking antidepressants may lead to mania. In this case, it is better to increase the amount of mood stabilizer and not to take anti-depressant medication.
Antidepressants usually work in 2 to 6 weeks, but sleep and appetite improve first.
When you feel better, continue to take antidepressants with your doctor's advice. If you stop them early, your risk of getting depressed again increases.
In bipolar disorder, antidepressants need to be taken for at least 8 weeks after the depression has healed. The antidepressant is then gradually reduced.
Proof of this is that, if you have frequent seizures of depression but the use of anti-depressants did not cause a seizure, you can prevent both mood stabilizers and anti-depressants from having seizures and seizures. It is not advisable to take antidepressants for a long time if you have manic.
Mania and mixed tours.
Stop taking antidepressants. It usually comes with a mood stabilizer or anti-echo tick or both. Antipsychotics are commonly used for schizophrenia but they can also control the severity of mania, big thoughts about yourself, insomnia and irritability, which also occurs in mania.
Chronic antipsychotics (such as Hello Predal) have some side effects, such as nausea, tremors, dizziness, and bad taste and dry mouth. But the side effects of some new drugs (risperidone, olanzapine) are relatively minor.
When treatment begins, symptoms begin to improve in a few days, but it takes a few weeks to fully recover. Consult your doctor if you wish to drive while using these drugs.
Prevent mood swings. help yourself .
Self-monitoring:
Try to understand what changes first when your mood starts to go towards depression or mania so that you can seek help immediately. Doing so may make you feel completely unwell. Avoid being and don't have to be hospitalized. Having a mood diary can help you find out what things in your life help you maintain your mood and what makes it worse.
Information:
Get as much information about your illness as possible and find out how you can get help as soon as possible when your condition starts to get worse.
Stress, stress or mental strain.
Avoid stressful situations if possible, which can lead to depression or mania. It is not usually possible for a person to stay away from all stressful situations, so learn ways to cope better with stress.
Relatives and friends:
A visit with mania or depression can cause major problems in relationships with friends and family. You may have to re-establish some of your relationships once you recover. If you have a confidant or trusted person you can talk to and trust. Let your loved ones know when you are well. They will benefit from understanding the symptoms of the disease and what they should do when you see such symptoms.
Activities:
Balance your life, work, and spending time with family, relatives, and friends. If you carry a heavy workload, you may start having mania.
Make sure you have time to relax and unwind. If you are unemployed, consider doing some courses, etc., or doing some charity work that has nothing to do with mental or psychiatric illnesses.
Exercise:
Exercising at least three times a week for about 20 minutes has a good effect on mood.
Entertainment:
Remember to do things on a daily basis that will bring you joy and entertainment and that will give you a purpose in life.
Continue to use the medicine:
If you stop taking the medicine before the doctor's advice, it will increase the risk of the disease coming back.
Tips for family and friends.
Seizures of mania and depression are very distressing and painful for the patient as well as family and friends.
How to handle a mood swings tour:
Depression.
When someone is in severe depression, they do not understand what to say. The patient sees the negative side of everything. It is also difficult to understand what will make them feel better and maybe they do not even know. It's hard for them to relate to people, but at the same time they can't live without your help. Try to be patient and understand them. If they talk about harming themselves or ending their lives, don't ignore it and seek help from a psychiatrist right away.
Mania
At the beginning of the mania visit, the patient will look very happy, enthusiastic and friendly, saying, "Life is meant to be lived. Live well." ۔ You better keep them out of this situation and keep asking them for help.
Taking care of or helping your loved ones:
It will be better if you help them in practice. If you see that:
* Not paying proper attention to their food and drink and skipping meals.
کام Doing things or actions that could harm them or others.
Seek the help of a psychiatrist right away.